文献:DT-diaphorase triggered theranostic nanoparticles induce the self-burst of reactive oxygen species for tumor diagnosis and treatment
文献链接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742706121001288
作者:DT-diaphorase triggered theranostic nanoparticles induce the self-burst of reactive oxygen species for tumor diagnosis and treatment
相关产品:
CHO 醛基
DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 磷脂-聚乙二醇2000-马来酰亚胺
原文摘要:
On-demand therapy following effective tumor detection would considerably reduce the side effects of traditional chemotherapy. DT-diaphorase (DTD), whose level is strongly elevated in various tumors, is a cytosolic flavoenzyme that promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via the redox cycling of hydroquinones. Incorporation of the DTD-responsive substrate to the structures of the probe and prodrug may facilitate the tumor detection and therapy. Herein, we established an multifunctional drug delivery nanosystem (HTLAC) that rapidly responds to the DTD enzyme, leads to the early-stage precise detection and termination of tumors. Firstly, the synthesis of DTD-responsive withaferin A (DTWA) and indocyanine green (DT-Cy5) was performed. In the presence of DTD, WA, which produces ROS in cells, was released from DT-WA, and the red fluorescence of DT-Cy5 was detected for tumor imaging. Additionally, these DTD enzyme reaction processes of DT-WA and DT-Cy5 induced ROS. The self-burst of ROS generation by the two enzyme reaction processes as well as the released WA then led to the apoptosis of tumor cells. To increase the bioavailability and tumor targeting of drugs, cell-penetrating peptide and hyaluronic acid functionalized liposomes were used to encapsulate the drugs. The detailed in vitro and in vivo assays showed that HTLAC achieved enhanced tumor detection and superior antitumor effi-ciency. According to above outcomes, results showed that HTLAC might provide an efficacious approach for the fabrication of enzyme-triggering nanosystems to detect tumor and induce the self-burst of ROS for an efficient tumor treatment.
DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 即 1,2 - 二硬脂酰 - sn - 甘油 - 3 - 磷酸乙醇胺 - N-[马来酰亚胺(聚乙二醇 - 2000)],是一种具有特定结构和性质的化合物,由于同时具有疏水性的 DSPE 和亲水性的 PEG,使其能够在水和有机溶剂中形成稳定的胶束结构。该文献介绍多功能化合物传递纳米系统(HTLAC),它可以快速响应DTD酶,导致tumor的早期准确检测和终止。HTLAC作为细胞穿透肽和透明质酸功能化脂质体,不仅通过产生ROS的自爆发来诱导抗增殖活性,而且由于HA积极靶向tumor和血液循环中的长期存在,还可以有效地积累和恢复其在tumor部位的荧光。
图为:HTLAC脂质体的结构和组成
DSPE-PEG2000-Mal在HTLA制备和表征中的应用:
DSPE-PEG2000-Mal和TAT-NH2肽在的DCM: MeOH的混合物中反应,在室温下温和搅拌。薄层色谱显示DSPE-PEG2000-Mal消失后,在真空下蒸发,将混合物加入小体积DCM中以去除轻微多余的TAT-NH2肽。过滤后,蒸发上清液,得到DSPE-PEG2000-TAT。将SPC、CHO、DSPE-PEG2000-TAT、DT-WA和DT-Cy5溶解在DCM: MeOH溶液中,然后通过旋转蒸发去除其,生成薄膜。薄膜在室温下在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中水合。接下来,将未捕获的DT-WA和DT-Cy5,离心,获得了DT-WA和DT-Cy5装载的tat功能脂质体(TAT-LIP/DTWA/DT-Cy5,TLAC)。随后,HA通过碳二亚胺偶联反应偶联在TLAC表面,在TLAC中HA的羧酸基与DSPE-PEG-2000-TAT的胺之间形成酰胺键。TLAC悬浮液与透明质酸(HA)溶液(DCC/DMAP最少去离子水激活)在室温下连续搅拌,使DT-WA和DT-Cy5、HA和TAT功能化脂质体(HATAT-LIP/DT-WA/DT-Cy5,HTLAC)。最后,使用超滤管处理,去除未偶联的HA。采用CTAB带修饰的浊度法定量上清液中未偶联的HA的量。简单地说,将HA标准溶液或稀释的上清液加入到孔板中。样品与醋酸钠缓冲液和CTAB溶液孵育。
DSPE-PEG2000-Mal在HTLAC制备和表征中的应用:
为了提高溶解度和生物利用度,将DT-WA和DTCy5包裹在脂质体中。首先,将TAT-NH2肽偶联到DSPE-PEG2000-Mal的远端,得到DSPE-PEG2000-TAT。DSPE-PEG2000- TAT的1H NMR谱显示DSPE-PEG2000-Mal的马来酰亚胺组消失。研究了SPC和胆固醇(CHO),以及SPC和CHO的最佳摩尔比。透射电镜图像表明,LIP大小随着SPC量的增加而减小。LIP的形貌已经足够。用红外光谱法对TAT-LIP进行了红外光谱验证。与LIP相比,TAT-LIP表现出强烈的吸收峰。使用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒观察TAT-LIP中的TAT肽为紫色。
图为:不同HTLAC配方中HA的定量
结论:DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 中的马来酰亚胺基团具有高度的反应活性,可以与含有巯基(-SH)的分子发生特异性的迈克尔加成反应。在 HTLAC 的制备过程中,可以利用这一特性将不同的分子或组件连接在一起。HTLAC 的组成部分中存在含有巯基的分子,DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 可以作为连接剂,将这些分子与其他成分结合,构建出 HTLAC 的特定结构。通过调整 DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 的用量和反应条件,可以在一定程度上控制 HTLAC 的粒径和形态。例如,增加 DSPE-PEG2000-Mal 的含量可能会导致 HTLAC 的粒径增大,而改变反应温度或时间可能会影响 HTLAC 的形态。